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  • Digital Capabilities, Digital Transformation, Effective learning, Evidence based learning, Learning & Development, Learning challenges, Learning design, Learning outcomes, Marketing Strategy, Talent Development and HR
  • Colin Smith
  • August 7, 2025

Attitudes Before Actions: What Music Teachers in China Can Teach Us About AI

A study of over 300 music teachers in China has revealed something simple, yet powerful:
When it comes to adopting new technology, attitude beats skill.

You can train someone to use a tool. But if they don’t believe it’s useful, easy to integrate, or worth the effort – they won’t use it. Not consistently. Not meaningfully. And definitely not at scale.

This isn’t just a finding for educators. It’s a wake-up call for every organisation trying to roll out digital tools, platforms, or AI systems. Especially those wondering why, despite hefty investments and clever solutions, adoption remains patchy at best.

What the research shows

The study, published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, looked at over 300 music teachers across China. Researchers wanted to understand what really drives their use of technology in the classroom.

They tested three things:

  1. Technological Competence (skills and capability)
  2. Technology Acceptance (attitude and belief)
  3. Technological Behaviour (actual use)

The results were clear:

  • Belief drives behaviour. Teachers who had a positive attitude towards technology were much more likely to use it.
  • Skill alone isn’t enough. High levels of competence didn’t lead to higher usage – unless they were matched with a strong belief that the tech was useful and easy to integrate.

Why this matters for businesses adopting AI

In fact, technology acceptance acted as a bridge between skill and behaviour. No belief = no aLet’s translate this into the world of workplace learning and digital adoption – especially when it comes to AI.

Organisations are investing heavily in AI tools. From automation platforms and chatbots, to smart learning systems and generative AI assistants. But implementation is uneven. Usage is inconsistent. And ROI is often unclear.

This study tells us why.

Too many digital transformation efforts focus on training up skills without first addressing the real barrier: attitude.

Employees aren’t saying:“I don’t know how to use this.”

They’re saying:
“I don’t see the point.”
“It sounds complicated.”
“It doesn’t fit into how I work.”

From training to trust

We’ve covered before at Cognitive Union how AI isn’t just another tool. It changes how people leaIf you want meaningful adoption of AI – or any digital tool – you need to start here:

  1. Shift beliefs before you shift behaviour
    Don’t just demo the tool. Explain the “why now” – show how it makes work easier, faster, more relevant. Tell better stories. Show real examples. Let people feel the benefit.
  2. Design with simplicity and relevance
    The research highlights that effort expectancy – how easy something feels to use – is a big factor in acceptance. Don’t just roll out tools. Roll them into everyday routines.
  3. Make social proof visible
    The study found social influence played a huge role. If people see others like them using it, they’re more likely to follow. Find early adopters. Celebrate them. Share their stories.
  4. Create small wins fast
    Hedonic motivation – the feeling that something is enjoyable – matters.
    So don’t aim for enterprise-wide AI integration on Day 1. Help teams get one useful outcome this week. And build from there.

Train in context, not in isolation
Don’t deliver AI training as a standalone course. Embed it in real workflows. Connect it to actual tasks. Make it feel like help, not homework.

What this means for Learning & Development

Kaushik draws a brilliant parallel:
GAs L&D professionals, we’re often tasked with building digital capability. But capability is only part of the puzzle.

Before we focus on teaching people how to use the tool, we need to build belief in why it matters.

So ask yourself:

  • Are we training skills or shifting mindset?
  • Are we rolling out tech, or helping people adopt it?
  • Are we designing learning that connects to emotion, not just instruction?

Because just like the music teachers in China, your people won’t adopt new tech – including AI – until they believe it makes their life better.

Adoption starts with attitude. Skill is what follows

Cognitive Union is a progressive, boutique learning and performance consultancy. We work with forward-thinking businesses. Transforming their people. Shaping their culture. Helping them embrace change and take on the world.  Find this blog useful? Sign up to our email newsletter (bottom of this page) where you can receive articles like this and other insights (not publically published), and you can also follow us on LinkedIn.

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